Centuries of Childhood 下载 kindle 电子版 pdf mobi pmlz 夸克云 caj

The theme of this extraordinary book is the evolution of the modern conception of family life and the modern image; of the nature of children. Aries traces the evolution of the concept of childhood from the end of the Middle Ages, when the child was regarded as a small adult, to the present child-centered society, by means of diaries, paintings, games, and school curricula.

Ironically, he finds that individualism, far from triumphing in our time, has been held in check by the family, and that the increasing power of the tightly-knit family circle has flourished at the expense of the rich-textured communal society of earlier times. Translated from the French by Robert Baldick.

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Philippe Ariès was an important French medievalist and historian of the family and childhood. He is also the author of Centuries of Childhood, which was translated into English in 1962. He died in Paris in 1984.

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……10和11世纪的成年人不及细想儿童的形象，儿童对于他们来说既引不起兴趣，也不是现实存在……在当时活生生的真实生活中，而不仅仅在美术形象的转换上，儿童被看作是一个稍纵即逝的国度时段，人们很快就丧失了对它的记忆。（52）

约在13世纪，出现了几种类型的孩子形象，这些类型似乎有点接近现代人对儿童的感觉。（53）

在14世纪，特别是15世纪的历史进程中，这些中世纪的孩子类型发生了变化，但其发展方向却已经在13世纪被指明了。（54）

这种状况向我们揭示了两种观念：第一，孩子的日常生活与成年人混杂在一起……第二，人们特别喜欢表现儿童的秀美和生动（对于细枝末节上鲜明生动的追求在15和16世纪发展起来，与发觉儿童可爱之处的情感交相辉映），特别喜欢将孩子放在群体之中，放在人群之中……[一种]已经过时了：今天的我们和19世纪末叶的人们已经趋向于将儿童的世界与成年人的世界区分开来；而另一种观念却预示了对儿童的现代情感。（56）

对儿童的冷漠是当时人口因素的直接和必然的结果。这种状况在穷乡僻壤一直延续到19世纪，在当时的范围里，它与基督教精神相吻合，根据基督教精神，受洗的孩子才得到尊重，被看作具有不朽的灵魂。（58）

……对儿童肖像的新爱好表明，儿童已经从无名氏的状态下走出……在人口仍然大量早逝的时代，人们已经有愿望要将关于儿童特征的回忆保留和定格下来，不论这位儿童将来是会长大成人，还是会夭折……直到18世纪，两种态度并存。（59）

在肖像方面，儿童从家庭中分离出来，就如一个世纪以前的16世纪初，家庭从画作的宗教部分分离出来一样。（65）

书籍介绍

The theme of this extraordinary book is the evolution of the modern conception of family life and the modern image; of the nature of children. Aries traces the evolution of the concept of childhood from the end of the Middle Ages, when the child was regarded as a small adult, to the present child-centered society, by means of diaries, paintings, games, and school curricula.

Ironically, he finds that individualism, far from triumphing in our time, has been held in check by the family, and that the increasing power of the tightly-knit family circle has flourished at the expense of the rich-textured communal society of earlier times. Translated from the French by Robert Baldick.